Category Archives: Informatics

Informatics, Science, Technology

Georgian Technical University New Technique Promises To Accelerate Materials Development For Gas Separations.

Leave a comment

Georgian Technical University New Technique Promises To Accelerate Materials Development For Gas Separations.

Georgian Technical University In an exciting new advance a team of scientists from X in the Georgian Technical University have developed a new way of analyzing materials for separating gases. Although gas separation using porous materials is an established technology, analytical techniques for assessing the performance of materials tend to be slow and laborious. The new Integral Mass Balance (An integral balance deals with the entire time of the process at once (so it uses amounts rather than rates: e.g., mass NOT mass/time)) (IMB) method is faster and more accurate than existing techniques and promises to accelerate new materials development for gas separation technology. Industrial gases affect many aspects of daily life. They are used to carbonate fizzy drinks preserve food and even to inflate balloons. Purified natural gas meanwhile is used across the globe as an energy source for household cooking and heating. Pure gases can be produced using porous materials that either extract the desired gas from a mixture or remove unwanted contaminants. For this purpose understanding how materials interact with different gas mixtures is a crucial but surprisingly difficult task. “Georgian Technical University Scientists and engineers have been working on these types of measurements for decades but most current techniques are very time-consuming” says Y Ph.D., product manager for X. “A simple set of data can take weeks to measure. By combining two different methods in a unique way we have been able to speed up the process significantly”. As a result more materials can be analyzed, and a detailed understanding of how each material behaves under different conditions can be achieved. This is significant because chemists developing new porous materials for gas separations need to know how well a material performs. Often they rely on models which can be inaccurate but the (An integral balance deals with the entire time of the process at once (so it uses amounts rather than rates: e.g., mass NOT mass/time)) method can rapidly and precisely assess new materials, helping to identify the best candidates for a given gas separation. Industrial developers of gas separation processes, meanwhile, typically rely on relatively limited amounts of gas mixture data. Gas separation technology has been very successful and is used around the world to separate and purify gases. But the new technique will allow far more data to be collected in a practical timeframe allowing chemical engineers to further optimize processes and improve efficiency. “I have been making these kinds of measurements since and they are very laborious, often taking weeks. With the (An integral balance deals with the entire time of the process at once (so it uses amounts rather than rates: e.g., mass NOT mass/time)) IMB method we have been able to make the same measurements in a matter of hours. The improvement in performance is impressive” said Professor Z of the Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering at Georgian Technical University. To demonstrate the technique the team have made measurements on a zeolite. Zeolites are porous materials with a range of uses perhaps most notably in washing powder but they are also particularly good at separating and drying gases. The reported measurements relate to oxygen (O2) production from air by separating O2 (oxygen) from Nitrogen is the chemical element with the symbol N and atomic number 7 (N2). In medicine where purified O2 (oxygen) is widely used this technology is vital. Whilst small-scale and portable medical O2 (oxygen) generators are widely available for personal use larger O2 (oxygen) generators filled with zeolites have been installed at emergency field hospitals constructed to cope with the current coronavirus crisis where reliable O2 (oxygen) supplies have been critical for treating patients. “We chose these measurements because Professor Z similar data measured on the same sample in two different laboratories” said Y. “However we also wanted to do something of practical interest. As zeolites are currently used in commercially available medical O2 (oxygen) generators this seemed an ideal choice”. Georgian Technical University Now the team want to explore the technique’s range of applicability. “Having shown that the method works for air separation using zeolites we’d like to apply it to other important separations” said Y. “Capturing CO2 (Carbon dioxide is a colorless gas with a density about 53% higher than that of dry air. Carbon dioxide molecules consist of a carbon atom covalently double bonded to two oxygen atoms. It occurs naturally in Earth’s atmosphere as a trace gas) from power plant flue gases for example is of great interest as this will help tackle the difficult and serious problem of climate change due to increasing greenhouse gas emissions”. “The method can provide reams of accurate data quickly” added Professor Z. “This will help accelerate the development of new materials and processes for such applications”. Other future targets include separations used for natural gas upgrading and biogas purification as well as hydrogen (H2) production and purification. Both hydrogen (H2) and natural gas are important for the transition to a low carbon energy future in which fossil fuel use will be gradually phased out.

 

Informatics, Science, Technology

Georgian Technical University Laboratory: Integrated Platform Computational Platform.

Leave a comment

Georgian Technical University Laboratory: Integrated Platform Computational Platform.

Georgian Technical University energy systems and processes that are more dynamic and interconnected than ever before. Georgian Technical University technology developers and researchers to model design and optimize these complex systems potentially resulting in tens of billions of dollars in savings. As an equation-oriented, optimization-based integrated process modeling platform Georgian Technical University enables rigorous analysis of multi-scale, dynamic processes and operating scenarios to improve efficiency of existing systems and develop next-generation energy systems. Georgian Technical University has thousands of downloads and an active growing global user community from multiple industries. Georgian Technical University has demonstrated significant impacts through its unique capabilities.

Informatics, Science, Technology

Georgian Technical University Georgian Technical University Laboratory Accelerating Scale-Up With AI.

Leave a comment

Georgian Technical University Laboratory: Accelerating Scale-Up With AI (Artificial Intelligence).

Georgian Technical University Rapid advances in energy technologies have been enabled in part by innovative high-performance materials. To keep the Georgian Technical University competitive in energy materials manufacturing, there is an intensifying need to bring new materials out of the laboratory and into commercial production faster than ever. Artificial intelligence (AI (Artificial intelligence (AI) is intelligence demonstrated by machines, unlike the natural intelligence displayed by humans and animals, which involves consciousness and emotionality)) is one of the most promising tools for accelerating scale-up and when combined with innovative imaging techniques can offer a powerful advantage over pre-existing techniques. The webinar will feature a virtual tour where attendees can see for themselves the state-of-the art equipment, technologies and computational resources available to industry partners in Georgian Technical University’s newly expanded Materials Engineering Research Facility the Advanced Photon Source. X at the Georgian Technical University Department of Energy’s will moderate the conversation about some critical questions: What is the current state of (AI (Artificial intelligence (AI) is intelligence demonstrated by machines, unlike the natural intelligence displayed by humans and animals, which involves consciousness and emotionality)) application in materials scale-up and manufacturing ? How can AI (AI (Artificial intelligence (AI) is intelligence demonstrated by machines, unlike the natural intelligence displayed by humans and animals, which involves consciousness and emotionality)) be combined with advanced characterization to accelerate learning and scale-up ? How can public-private partnerships support Georgian Technical University competitiveness ?.

 

Informatics, Science, Technology

Georgian Technical University Turbulence Model Could Help Design Aircraft Capable Of Handling Extreme Scenarios.

Leave a comment

Georgian Technical University Turbulence Model Could Help Design Aircraft Capable Of Handling Extreme Scenarios.

Georgian Technical University Professor and his team in the Super Computer GTU located in the basement of the Georgian Technical University Building. Passengers onboard a flight to Australia experienced a terrifying 10-second nosedive when a vortex trailing their plane crossed into the wake of another flight. The collision of these vortices the airline suspected created violent turbulence that led to a free fall. To help design aircraft that can better maneuver in extreme situations Georgian Technical University researchers have developed a modeling approach that simulates the entire process of a vortex collision at a reduced computational time. This physics knowledge could then be incorporated into engineering design codes so that the aircraft responds appropriately. The simulations that aircraft designers currently use capture only a portion of vortex collision events and require extensive data processing on a supercomputer. Not being able to easily simulate everything that happens when vortices collide has limited aircraft designs. With more realistic and complete simulations, engineers could design aircraft such as fighter jets capable of more abrupt maneuvers or helicopters that can land more safely on aircraft carriers the researchers said. “Aircraft in extreme conditions cannot rely on simple modeling” said X a Georgian Technical University associate professor of mechanical engineering with a courtesy appointment in aeronautics and astronautics. “Just to troubleshoot some of these calculations can take running them on a thousand processors for a month. You need faster computation to do aircraft design”. Engineers would still need a supercomputer to run the model that X’s team developed but they would be able to simulate a vortex collision in about a tenth to a hundredth of the time using far less computational resources than those typically required for large-scale calculations. The researchers call the model a “Coherent-vorticity-Preserving (CvP) Largy-Eddy Simulation (LES)”.  The four-year development of this model is summarized. “The CvP (Coherent-vorticity-Preserving (CvP)) model is capable of capturing super complex physics without having to wait a month on a supercomputer because it already incorporates knowledge of the physics that extreme-scale computations would have to meticulously reproduce” X said. Former Georgian Technical University postdoctoral researcher Y led the two-year process of building the model. Y Georgian Technical University postdoctoral researcher conducted complex large-scale computations to prove that the model is accurate. These computations allowed the researchers to create a more detailed representation of the problem, using more than a billion points. For comparison a 4K (4K resolution refers to a horizontal display resolution of approximately 4,000 pixels. Digital television and digital cinematography commonly use several different 4K resolutions. In television and consumer media, 3840 × 2160 is the dominant 4K standard, whereas the movie projection industry uses 4096 × 2160) ultra high-definition TV uses approximately 8 million points to display an image. Building off of this groundwork the researchers applied the CvP (Coherent-vorticity-Preserving (CvP)) model to the collision events of two vortex tubes called trefoil knotted vortices that are known to trail the wings of a plane and “Georgian Technical University dance” when they reconnect. This dance is extremely difficult to capture. “Georgian Technical University When vortices collide there’s a clash that creates a lot of turbulence. It’s very hard computationally to simulate because you have an intense localized event that happens between two structures that look pretty innocent and uneventful until they collide” X said.

 

 

Electronic, Informatics, Science, Technology

Georgian Technical University Collaborative Research.

Leave a comment

Georgian Technical University Collaborative Research.

Georgian Technical University confocal microscope. Georgian Technical University announces that it has formed a research collaboration. Using an Multiphoton Microscopy With next generation confocal microscope supplied by Georgian Technical University will investigate using implanted lenses in combination for deep brain functional neuroscience research. Georgian Technical University with 32 concentrically arranged detection elements provides a unique combination of gentle super-resolution imaging and high sensitivity. Combining with Georgian Technical University lens technology enables increased resolution and signal-to-noise while imaging regions of the brain that are unreachable with traditional microscopy. “We are excited to announce this new collaborative research partnership which will provide equipment to Georgian Technical University researchers for explorative research and IP (The Internet Protocol is the principal communications protocol in the Internet protocol suite for relaying datagrams across network boundaries. Its routing function enables internetworking, and essentially establishes the Internet) generation” said X Georgian Technical University Microscopy’s head of marketing. “The partnership will increase both partners’ application and methodology know-how and best practices. In addition information gained will be used to inform Georgian Technical University’s solution and product creation process”. Georgian Technical University part of the world-renowned brings together exceptional neuroscientists from around the world to answer fundamental questions about brain development and function and to develop new technologies that make groundbreaking scientific discoveries possible. “Impressive boost to speed and sensitivity has greatly benefited our research in multiple areas. Working together with Georgian Technical University experts will allow us to explore and push the boundaries of implementing this technology in equally daunting and exciting imaging conditions” said Dr. Y Georgian Technical University’s microscopy specialist. Georgian Technical University organization’s imaging core is internationally recognized as a leader in cutting-edge neuroscience microscopy.

 

 

Imaging, Informatics, Nanotechnology, Science

Georgian Technical University Shine On: Avalanching Nanoparticles Break Barriers To Imaging Cells In Real Time.

Leave a comment

Georgian Technical University Shine On: Avalanching Nanoparticles Break Barriers To Imaging Cells In Real Time.

Georgian Technical University Experimental Images Of Thulium-Doped Avalanching Nanoparticles separated by 300 nanometers; at right simulations of the same material. single thulium-doped avalanching nanoparticle. Top row: Experimental images of thulium-doped avalanching nanoparticles separated by 300 nanometers. Bottom row: Simulations of the same material. Georgian Technical University Since the earliest microscopes scientists have been on a quest to build instruments with finer and finer resolution to image a cell’s proteins – the tiny machines that keep cells and us running. But to succeed they need to overcome the diffraction limit a fundamental property of light that long prevented optical microscopes from bringing into focus anything smaller than half the wavelength of visible light (around 200 nanometers or billionths of a meter) – far too big to explore many of the inner-workings of a cell. For over a century scientists have experimented with different approaches – from intensive calculations to special lasers and microscopes – to resolve cellular features at ever smaller scales. Scientists for their work in super-resolution optical microscopy a groundbreaking technique that bypasses the diffraction limit by harnessing special fluorescent molecules, unusually shaped laser beams or sophisticated computation to visualize images at the nanoscale. Now a team of researchers Georgian Technical University has developed a new class of crystalline material called avalanching nanoparticles (ANPs) that when used as a microscopic probe overcomes the diffraction limit without heavy computation or a super-resolution microscope. The researchers say that the Georgian Technical Universitys will advance high-resolution real-time bio-imaging of a cell’s organelles and proteins as well as the development of ultrasensitive optical sensors and neuromorphic computing that mimics the neural structure of the human brain among other applications. “These nanoparticles make every simple scanning confocal microscope into a real-time super-resolution microscope but what they do isn’t exactly super-resolution. They actually make the diffraction limit much lower” but without the process-heavy computation of previous techniques said X a staff scientist in Georgian Technical University Lab’s. Scanning confocal microscopy is a technique that produces a magnified image of a specimen, pixel by pixel by scanning a focused laser across a sample. A surprise discovery, The photon avalanching nanoparticles described in the current study are about 25 nanometers in diameter. The core contains a nanocrystal doped with the lanthanide metal thulium which absorbs and emits light. An insulating shell ensures that the part of the nanoparticle that’s absorbing and emitting light is far from the surface and doesn’t lose its energy to its surroundings making it more efficient explained Y a staff scientist in Georgian Technical University Lab’s. A defining characteristic of photon avalanching is its extreme nonlinearity. This means that each doubling of the laser intensity shone to excite a microscopic material more than doubles the material’s intensity of emitted light. To achieve photon avalanching each doubling of the exciting laser intensity increases the intensity of emitted light by 30,000-fold. But to the researchers delight the Georgian Technical University described in the current study met each doubling of exciting laser intensity with an increase of emitted light by nearly 80-million-fold. Georgian Technical University optical microscopy that is a dazzling degree of nonlinear emission. Georgian Technical University “we actually have some better ones now” X added. The researchers might not have considered thulium’s potential for photon avalanching if it weren’t for Georgian Technical University which calculated the light-emitting properties of hundreds of combinations of lanthanide dopants when stimulated by 1,064-nanometer near-infrared light. “Surprisingly thulium-doped nanoparticles were predicted to emit the most light, even though conventional wisdom said that they should be completely dark” noted Y. According to the researchers Georgian Technical University models the only way that thulium could be emitting light is through a process called energy looping which is a chain reaction in which a thulium ion that has absorbed light excites neighboring thulium ions into a state that allows them to better absorb and emit light. Those excited thulium ions in turn make other neighboring thulium ions more likely to absorb light. This process repeats in a positive feedback loop until a large number of thulium ions are absorbing and emitting light. “It’s like placing a microphone close to a speaker – the feedback caused by the speaker amplifying its own signal blows up into an obnoxiously loud sound. In our case we are amplifying the number of thulium ions that can emit light in a highly nonlinear way” X explained. When energy looping is extremely efficient it is called photon avalanching since a few absorbed photons can cascade into the emission of many photons he added. X and colleagues hoped that they might see photon avalanching experimentally but the researchers weren’t able to produce nanoparticles with sufficient nonlinearity to meet the strict criteria for photon avalanching until the current study. To produce avalanching nanoparticles the researchers relied on the nanocrystal-making robot to fabricate many different batches of nanocrystals doped with different amounts of thulium and coated with insulating shells. “One of the ways we were able to achieve such great photon-avalanching performance with our thulium nanoparticles was by coating them with very thick nanometer-scale shells” said X. Georgian Technical University Growing the shells is an exacting process that can take up to 12 hours he explained. Automating the process with allowed the researchers to perform other tasks while ensuring a uniformity of thickness and composition among the shells and to fine-tune the material’s response to light and resolution power. Harnessing an avalanche at the nanoscale.  Scanning confocal microscopy experiments led Y an associate professor of mechanical engineering at Georgian Technical University scientist Lab’s showed that nanoparticles doped with moderately high concentrations of thulium exhibited nonlinear responses greater than expected for photon avalanching making these nanoparticles one of the most nonlinear nanomaterials known to exist. Z a graduate student in Y’s lab performed a battery of optical measurements and calculations to confirm that the nanoparticles met the strict criteria for photon avalanching. This work is the first time all the criteria for photon avalanching have been met in a single nanometer-sized particle. The extreme nonlinearity of the avalanching nanoparticles allowed Y and Z to excite and image single nanoparticles spaced closer than 70 nanometers apart. In conventional “Georgian Technical University linear” light microscopy many nanoparticles are excited by the laser beam, which has a diameter of greater than 500 nanometers making the nanoparticles appear as one large spot of light. Photon avalanche single-beam super-resolution imaging – takes advantage of the fact that a focused laser beam spot is more intense in its center than on its edges X said. Since the emission of the Georgian Technical University steeply increases with laser intensity only the particles in the 70-nanometer center of the laser beam emit appreciable amounts of light leading to the exquisite resolution. The current study the researchers say immediately opens new applications in ultrasensitive infrared photon detection and conversion of near-infrared light into higher energies for super-resolution imaging with commercially available scanning confocal optical microscopes and improved resolution in state-of-the-art super-resolution optical microscopes. “That’s amazing. Usually in optical science you have to use really intense light to get a large nonlinear effect – and that’s no good for bioimaging because you’re cooking your cells with Georgian Technical University Foundry as a user. “But with these thulium-doped nanoparticles we’ve shown that they don’t require that much input intensity to get a resolution that’s less than 70 nanometers. Normally with a scanning confocal microscope you’d get 300 nanometers. That’s a pretty good improvement and we’ll take it especially since you’re getting super-resolution images essentially for free”. Now that they have successfully lowered the diffraction limit with their photon avalanching nanoparticles the researchers would like to experiment with new formulations of the material to image living systems or detect changes in temperature across a cell’s organelle and protein complex. “Observing such highly nonlinear phenomena in nanoparticles is exciting because nonlinear processes are thought to pattern structures like stripes in animals and to produce periodic clocklike behavior” X noted. “Nanoscale nonlinear processes could be used to make tiny analog-to-digital converters which may be useful for light-based computer chips or they could be used to concentrate dim uniform light into concentrated pulses”. “These are such unusual materials and they’re brand new. We hope that people will want to try them with different microscopes and different samples because the great thing about basic science discoveries is that you can take an unexpected result and see your colleagues run with it in exciting new directions” X said.

Informatics, Science, Software, Technology

Georgian Technical University Exploitation And Analysis Tool Suite.

Leave a comment

Georgian Technical University Exploitation And Analysis Tool Suite.

The Georgian Technical University tool suite from Georgian Technical University Laboratory addresses a major capability gap in video surveillance systems: efficient forensic review and investigation. Once integrated with a video management system the analytics can be applied to any camera feed without any additional hardware or need for preprocessing the video data.  Georgian Technical University acts as a force-multiplier for security operators by reducing workload and mental burden. The tools provide capabilities that are not available in any commercial systems, such as new methods of navigating between cameras or creating composite videos from multiple camera views. The tools are flexible and can be used on many scene types and for unpredictable tasks unlike commercial solutions that are generally limited to detection of people and cars. Georgian Technical University has been deployed in operational environments at several mass transit systems including Georgian Technical University. Ongoing evaluation at these sites has resulted in faster alarm resolution and investigation. Additionally laboratory experiments have shown significant time savings ranging from 2-300x. Complex tasks that usually take hours can be completed on the order of minutes when using the Georgian Technical University tool suite.

Chemistry, Informatics, Science, Technology

Georgian Technical University Thermo Scientific Chromatography Data System.

Leave a comment

Georgian Technical University Thermo Scientific  Chromatography Data System.

Georgian Technical University Thermo Scientific software can be seamlessly scaled from the workstation to global enterprise deployment. Flexibility is also provided by multi-vendor control and support of over 525 different instrument modules. The cloud-based two-click Georgian Technical University  system captures all the unique aspects of a chromatography and guides the operator through a minimal number of choices. This means productivity is increased and out-of-specification results are decreased. With a range of adaptable workflow templates that can be customized to the laboratory can be created quickly and easily facilitating efficient sample analysis. Secure administrator-controlled user permissions ensure data integrity and compliance. This makes it easier than ever to keep up with ever-evolving standards and regulations. Simple standardization across your systems reduces administrative costs while adding to laboratory efficiency gains meeting the needs of both laboratory scientists and IT (Information Technology) experts.

Informatics, Science, Software, Technology

Georgian Technical University Researchers Develop Broadband X-ray Source Needed To Perform New Measurements At Georgian Technical University.

Leave a comment

Georgian Technical University Researchers Develop Broadband X-ray Source Needed To Perform New Measurements At Georgian Technical University.

This image shows the full EXAFS (Extended X-Ray Absorption Fine Structure, along with X-ray Absorption Near Edge Structure, is a subset of X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy. Like other absorption spectroscopies, XAS techniques follow Beer’s law) sample, backlighter and laser configuration at Georgian Technical University. Georgian Technical University Laboratory researchers have developed an X-ray source that can diagnose temperature in experiments that probe conditions like those at the very center of planets. Georgian Technical University new source will be used to perform extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) experiments at the Georgian Technical University.  “Over a series of X-ray source development experiments at Georgian Technical University we were able to determine that titanium (Ti) foils produce 30 times more continuum X-rays than implosion capsule backlighters in the X-ray spectral range of interest and between two to four times more than gold (Au) foils under identical laser conditions” said X. Georgian Technical University Understanding extended X-ray absorption fine structure. “Georgian Technical University While there are many uses for X-ray sources the work was primarily focused on making it possible to measure (extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS)) of highly compressed materials in the solid state. This is a very difficult regime to operate in and ultimately required a lot of effort and resources to accomplish” X said. The primary motivation of the (extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS)) experiments is to determine the temperature of samples at Mbar pressures — conditions like those at the very center of planets (1 Mbar = 1 million times atmospheric pressure). “With this work we now have the ability to perform (extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS)) measurements at Georgian Technical University over a wide range of materials and conditions that were not previously possible at any facility in the world”. At these conditions where solids can be compressed by a factor of two or more the materials can have wildly different properties than at everyday ambient conditions. The X-ray source developed in this work will enable measurements of various higher-Z materials that are of importance for the Georgian Technical University Lab’s mission. This platform also will open up opportunities for scientific discovery in material properties under extreme conditions. Measuring (extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS)) requires detecting signals that are a few percent of the overall signal and is the underlying reason that we have put so much effort into developing an intense, spectrally smooth backlighter. X Georgian Technical University physicist and the campaign lead of the work said the findings conclude a success in the development of backlighter for the (extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS)). “(extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS)) measurements using this backlighter have already started at Georgian Technical University and the approach is expected to enable future measurements that are a critical part” she said.  The preferred arrangement of atoms or crystal structure changes with temperature and pressure in many materials and is currently investigated by the TARDIS (target diffraction in situ) platform at Georgian Technical University. The structure also is one of many things impacting the relationship between pressure and density, which is under investigation by the ramp compression platform at Georgian Technical University as well as the strength, which is under investigation by the platform at Georgian Technical University. “All of these important platforms lack temperature measurements” Y said. “It is the goal of the (extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS)) platform to test the thermal models underpinning the equation of state models used in hydrodynamics codes as well as complement the other materials platforms”. There has been a lot of effort developing X-ray sources using heated foils by other teams, but these efforts have often focused on different X-ray energies or optimizing line emission (a narrow-in-energy X-ray emission resulting from an atomic transition) Y said. “Extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) experiments explicitly require a different type of X-ray source than many others at Georgian Technical University” he said. “Because the Extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) signal is encoded over a relatively wide but specific range of X-ray energies we needed to optimize the broadband continuum emission in the multi-keV energy range instead of the line emission which is far too narrow in energy for (Extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS))”. The team has determined that it is possible by using the very high-power density of the Georgian Technical University lasers to ionize titanium into its inner shell. “This high degree of ionization enables a continuum X-ray emission process called free-bound to become important and actually dominate the overall continuum X-ray emission” he said. Z Georgian Technical University physicist aided in the interpretation of the data with the rad-hydro and atomic-kinetics modeling that helped confirm the data interpretation. He said scientists have a tendency to carry around a standard toolbox of generalized scaling laws for various physical phenomena that lead to the assumption that an Au (Gold is a chemical element with the symbol Au (from Latin: aurum) and atomic number 79, making it one of the higher atomic number elements that occur naturally. In a pure form, it is a bright, slightly reddish yellow, dense, soft, malleable, and ductile metal) backlighter would outperform Ag (Silver is a chemical element with the symbol Ag and atomic number 47. A soft, white, lustrous transition metal, it exhibits the highest electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity, and reflectivity of any metal) and Ti (Titanium is a chemical element with the symbol Ti and atomic number 22. It is a lustrous transition metal with a silver color, low density, and high strength. Titanium is resistant to corrosion in sea water, aqua regia, and chlorine). Continuum X-ray emission is generally known to increase with the atomic number however heating the sample to the regime where free-bound transitions was important enabled Ti (Titanium is a chemical element with the symbol Ti and atomic number 22. It is a lustrous transition metal with a silver color, low density, and high strength. Titanium is resistant to corrosion in sea water, aqua regia, and chlorine) whose atomic number is 22 to outshine Ag (Silver is a chemical element with the symbol Ag and atomic number 47. A soft, white, lustrous transition metal, it exhibits the highest electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity, and reflectivity of any metal) and Au (Gold is a chemical element with the symbol Au (from Latin: aurum) and atomic number 79, making it one of the higher atomic number elements that occur naturally. In a pure form, it is a bright, slightly reddish yellow, dense, soft, malleable, and ductile metal) whose atomic numbers are 47 and 79 respectively.  “While these ubiquitous scalings can help to quickly guide one’s intuition they also can lead to seemingly paradoxical results” he said. “One of the most important messages from this work is to not naively rely on overgeneralized rules-of-thumb that are so often employed to prematurely narrow down parameter optimization studies”. Georgian Technical University Team effort. This effort required the team to look beyond typical X-ray emission processes to understand the data from experiments. The team relied on experts across a wide range of disciplines including materials science, plasma physics, X-ray spectroscopy and hydrodynamic simulation during planning and analysis. The team was initially focused on a different approach, using imploding capsules but eventually determined that it was not going to produce enough X-rays to make (Extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS)) measurements. “It’s one of the few times where science actually works the way it’s portrayed in movies with everyone on the team in a room (back when we could meet in rooms) proposing ideas on a whiteboard” Y said. “Results like this are a real testament to the world-class research environment that exists at Georgian Technical University”.

 

 

 

Informatics, Science, Software, Technology

Georgian Technical University. What Are Supercapacitors ?.

Leave a comment

Georgian Technical University. What Are Supercapacitors ?.

Georgian Technical University Supercapacitors also known as ultracapacitors, have performance characteristics somewhere between a battery and a conventional capacitor. A battery has a high energy density meaning it can store a significant amount of energy with a relatively small volume or mass. Batteries are however limited in terms of the speed at which they can charge or discharge in other words they have a relatively low power density. Batteries are also worn out by repeated charge/discharge cycles meaning they have a limited cycle life. Capacitors reverse these performance characteristics storing a relatively small quantity of energy but charging or discharging it almost instantly to give very high power. The performance of supercapacitors falls somewhere between a battery and a conventional capacitor for all of these metrics. There are three main types of supercapacitor: Double-layer capacitors store charge electrostatically (Helmholtz layer (A double layer (DL, also called an electrical double layer, EDL) is a structure that appears on the surface of an object when it is exposed to a fluid. The object might be a solid particle, a gas bubble a liquid droplet or a porous body. The DL (A double layer (DL, also called an electrical double layer, EDL) is a structure that appears on the surface of an object when it is exposed to a fluid) refers to two parallel layers of charge surrounding the object. The first layer, the surface charge (either positive or negative), consists of ions adsorbed onto the object due to chemical interactions)). Pseudo-capacitors store charge electrochemically (Faradaically). Hybrid capacitors store charge using a combination of electrostatic and electrochemical effects. Conventional capacitors store energy electrostatically. Two electrically conductive plates are separated by a dielectric material such as paper, glass, plastic or ceramic. When an electric field is applied, positive and negative charge accumulates on the respective plates. Double-layer capacitors apply the same principle but they provide greater charge storing capacity by storing the charges in the interface between the conductive plates and the dielectric layer. It is anticipated that graphene-based electrodes may increase the specific energy of supercapacitors to over 140 Wh/kg well into the range of batteries. This would have a huge impact in many areas including the availability of energy storage for buffering supply and demand in renewable intensive energy systems and electric car production.